安徽教师招聘考试英语知识总结—动词、词组、句型

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由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:

一、动词+介词

1look at…look like … 看上去像……

look after …照料

2listen to………

3welcome to…欢迎到……

4say hello to ………问好

5speak to………说话

此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如:

This is my new bike. Please look it after.(×)

This is my new bike. Please look after it.(√)

 

二、动词+副词

 “动词+副词所构成的短语义分为两类:

A.动词(vt.+副词

1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下

此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较:

First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. (√)

First listen to the answer, then write down it.(×)

First listen to the answer, then write it down.(√)

B.动词(vi+副词。

1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立

此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。

 

三、其它类动词词组

1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games.

介词短语聚焦

 “介词+名词/代词所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。

1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。如:in Englishin the hat

2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示……//班级/年级等。

3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚等一段时间。

4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里

5in the tree表示在树上 (非树本身所有)”on the tree表示在树上(为树本身所有)”。如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees.

6in the wall表示在墙上(凹陷进去)on the wall表示在墙上(指墙的表面)。如:There’re four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall.

7at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the

8at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten.

9like this/that表示方式,意为……/那样

10of短语表示所属关系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China.

11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.

12fromto多表示方向,前者意为……”,后者意为……”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.

另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。

重点句型大回放

1I think…意为我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,如:I think he’s Mr Zhinag. (L17)I don’t think you are right.

2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为…………”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:

His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)

3take sb./ sth. to…意为……()带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。如:

Please take the new books to the classroom.

4One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50) One is red,, the other is grey.

5Let sb. do sth. 意为让某人做某事,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sbdo sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,如:Let’s go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.

6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为帮助某人做某事,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.

7What about…/How about…?意为“……怎么样?是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess?

8It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为该做……的时间了,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper.

9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为喜欢做某事,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较:

Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.

10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为让某人(不要)做某事,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如:

Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)

11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为把某物给某人看,该句型的用法同前面第2点。如:

Show your friend your family photo.L36/Show your family photo to your friend.

12introduce sb. to sb. 意为把某人介绍给另一人introduce to sb.则是向某人作介绍。如:Introduce your family to her. 

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